Hair-pin.



PATENTED DBG. 25, 1906.

H; SUMMA. l HAIR- PIN.. APBLIOATLQN FILED Juwivns. 190B.

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PATENTED DEG. 25,' 1906.

H. SUMMA. HAIR PIN.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 27, 190s.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS suninnor son-WARzENBAcn-oN-rnE-SAALE, GERMANY.

vhmm-PIN.`

Speccation of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 27,1906.. Seria'l No. 323.584.

Patented nec. 25,1906.

To all whom t Y'may concern;

facturer, a subject of the King of Bavaria,

German Empire, residing at Schwarzenbachon-the-Saale, in the Kingdom ofBavaria,-

German Empire, (whose postal address is '15 Saalstrasse,) have inventednew and use- Arc1 ful Improvements Relating to Hair-Pins, of which thefollowingis a specification.

-The .present invention has for. its object a hair-pin with crossedarms.

Contrary to that which is the case with known constructions of hair-pinswith crossed armsln accordance with the present invention thecrossing isnot obtained by bending the arms at anv angle; but the arms continue1beyond the point of intersection'in a straight [line and are bentobliquely at the ends in a certainmanner.-l Further,` the two armspresent resiliencyjtoward eachother atl the place of'intersection andthe obliquely-bent ends are bent in the direction in which'this"resiliency is exerted. fInl addition, these ob-V f 'li/uebends'correspond to vthe direction i'n 25 together, so that-when thepinis insertedits .o eningin overcoming the spring action at t e pointof intersection is facilitated to per. mit of t 3o.'

ch the-.two arms are yieldinglypressed he passage of Athe hair seized byit. By vas tained. Owing tothe fact thatA W en insert.-l Ving the pin asa result of the cooperation of its bent ends and the placeofintersection-'the .pin iscaused to turn automatically, the placeofintersection .is to someextent o ened automatically when the pin isinserte thereby diminis g the clipping action at the .point ofintersection, so that the,` mass of hair seized is able to ass the intothe upperv oop Owing to t e fact t the hair-pin always tend to closetowar the pointof intersection without being pulled.

point of -intersection and in view of the ab sence of abruptrestrictions, projections, or

1 'against the mass of air and entering with a N'So,

notches, the pluis revented from binding jerky action, but willinvariably slip vin smoothly without disturbing the l'.hairorremovingthe length of'hair seizedrfrom its vproper position. Further, notensionis Vroduced in thehair. `The pin i's therefore; eld securelyinthe hair, owing to'the factthat after insertion the entire length of itsresilient arms exert a vuniform pressure on the amply-held mass of hair,which is likewise dis-v tributed '.with! perfectv uniformity betweenv.hair seizedby it.

means numerous advant'a es are `atA at both 'the openin s'of'A `them.This eect is facilitated because as a Be it known that I, HANS SUMMA,manu result of the formation of the bent ends as much material aspossible is seized. Thesecure hold of the pin is still further increasedbecause both its arms have -a tendency to twist helically around theiraxis after`inser tion, thereby .increasing the friction "with which thearms hold' the hair which has been gripped. As a result the pin is heldsecurely in the hair, even if'it is polished uite smooth, so that it isunnecessary to roug en the arms of the pin ,or otherwise treat them forobtaininge better grip. A The employment of a pin shed `as smooth asosslble is of course highly desirablein 'or ver to facilitate itsintroduction and withdrawal. The withdrawal of this pin is not renderedmore difiicult in spite of its efficient resiliency, because the strainexertedby the pin is uniformly distributed over the Whole of the mass ofFor this reason n o single part of the mass of hair seized will beunduly strained, so that it will not be when the pin is removed.' T .eready and smooth withdrawal. of the pin is also facilitated owing to thefact that just in the same ulled or torn manner as during itsintroduction the diverging' points, by reason of the ressure exerted4upon them from the outsi e, cause the.

pin to. turn about is axis and the point of intersection 4 to open.likewise, owing to the divergence lof the ends of its arms' the saidrotation of the pin around its axis takes place without the endsoftheneedles beingforced apart to any considerable extent.

-A Several constructional formsof the-.novell hairepin are presentedby-.way of example drawings, in whichf inthe accompanyin Figures 1 and 2il ustrate a constructional form of the novel hair-pin in which bothends In inserting `the pin,"

are vbent toward each other inside and front'. -elevation,respectively.4 Figs. 3 to V7 illus trate the manner .in which t is pinacts. 's two elevations' a mo if pin which the' end 8 and 9 representfinfied constructin of the of one arm onlyis bent.

other at c.,

. such amanner'that in addition to bein bent 1 1c one toward the othertheyare bent obh'quely In the constructional-form illustrated Figs. land2 the two arms a and b crosseachrelatively to each other, and- `these'obliquely- '.These arms proceedin' a straight` line from the bend andover the' point' i'n -ta er toward the set ends are directed in the samedirection as that in whichthe resiliency is exerted, whereby the arms ofthe pin are held one'against the other at the oint of intersection c.Owing to this double ending of the two ends, to a certain extent theyreceive an oppositelydirected helically-acting twisting. Accordinglybetween the two arms-of the pin there are formed apart from theseoblique bends the two openings d and e, which constantly oint ofintersection c.

n Figs. 3-5 it ias been assumed that the pin is inserted through a plaitof hair in the direction indicated by the arrow. In the first place, thepoints 7L and i seize (in the manner shown in Fig. 3) a certain quantityof material, which passes between the ends f and g. If the pin 'ispressed in farther with the finger, so that the material seized reachesthe point of intersection c, the pin begins to rotate and assumes theposition represented in Fig. 4, in which it has turned `throughapproximately ninety degrees. If the pin is pressed in still farther, itturns through a further ninety degrees, so that it is given a positionopposite to that shown in Figs. 1 and 3. If there is sufficient materialin the position represented in Fig. 5, the. opening e will also havebecome filled with it,

It is important that when first inserting the pin the points h and ishould always seize as much material as )ossible and conduct it betweenthe arms o thepin, but without these latter being quite'opened out.Owing to the tendency of the pin to twist around its axis, the masses ofhair are very securely held by the increased friction caused by thepressure of the arms.

It is likewise important that owing to the' pressure of the haircontained in the loop d the bent ends ff and g are pressed together inthe manner o tongs, because by this means any self or unintentionalretraction of the pin is eifeetually prevented. The closing of the endsf and g in the manner of tongs is still further assisted by the pressureofthe hair on the parts of the arms a and b of the 'pin which constitutethe opening e in the direction indicated by the arrows l and 2. Figs. 6and 7 show the manner in which the hair slipping back is seized as bytongs by the ends of the arms of the pin, Fig. 7, thereby preventingself-retraction of the hair-pin. The action described is thereforethreefold: First,vfresh material is constantly seized by the bent ends;second, twistin(T of the pin during its introduction, assisted by theopposite twisting of the ends of the arms, and, third, closing of theopen end of the hair-pin in the manner of tongs.

The same actioin is obtained when the hair-pin is construeted'in themanner shown in Figs. 8 and '9, in which only one arm is bent at the endand set obliquely relatively to the other. This construction does,however, modify the action to the extent that the end of that arm whichis not bent serves to a certain extent as a pivot. This facilitates theintroduction of the pin in the case of exceedingly thick hair.

In both eonsttuctionall forms one of the arms may be made longer thanthe other, asv

tongs formation of the ends and oblique.

setting of the points relatively to each other, because by these meajyisthe action of the crossed arms ofthe pin is assisted.

Having new particularbT` described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim isl. A hair-pin, comprising a strand-doubled upon itself toform arms lying adja'eent to .each other, the arms crossing atapproximately their centers, the free ends of' the armsbeing bentobliquely inward toward each other, and the tips of -the arms being bentlaterallyin opposite directions. i

' 2. 'Ihe improvedhair-pin herein described, having the oppositecoperating arms lying adjacent t each other and'crossing approximatelyat their centers, the'said arms having at their ends portions bentobliquely inwardr toward each other, and having the extremities of saidinward-bent portions bent later- -ally in opposite directions, and tothe opposite sides of thegeneral plane of the arms of the pin wherebythe insertion of the pin in the coil of hair tends to rotate vsaid pinupon its longitudinal axis. l v

3. A hair-pin, comprising a strand doubled upon itself to form armslying adjacent to each other, said arms crossing at aiproxi-V matelytheir centers, and the free en. of eine of the said arms being bentinward toward the other. e

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in presence of twosubscribing wit,-

. nesses, this 11th day of June, 1906.

HANS SUMMA.

Witnesses:

HERMANN TRGER, ALBERT TnoM.

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